The Top 10 Agricultural Countries in the World

The world’s agricultural output is staggering, with farmers producing enough food annually to feed billions of people globally. 

However, certain countries stand out as particularly productive in agriculture.

This article explores the top 10 agricultural countries, considering their per capita food production, efficiency, and well-developed agricultural sectors. It also briefly examines the challenges these nations face in sustaining their agricultural output.

Various metrics gauge a country’s agricultural success, including the total value of agricultural production, land devoted to agriculture, and employment in the agricultural sector. A fundamental measure is the total food produced, showcasing a country’s ability to provide for its population and engage in exports.

Here is a list of the top 10 agricultural countries globally, based on food production:

The United States of America

Recent years have seen robust performance in American agriculture, positioning the United States as the world’s second-largest exporter of agricultural products according to the 2017 World Bank report.

Key products include corn, soybeans, wheat, fruits, and vegetables.

The US holds the top spot in corn and soybean production, with applications ranging from livestock feed and biofuels to human consumption.

In addition to significant meat production, the U.S. boasts a $21.3 billion agricultural trade surplus, exporting substantial quantities of soybeans, corn, meat, and dairy products while importing coffee, cocoa, vegetables, and fruits.

Not just a producer but also a major exporter, the United States plays a crucial role in the global agricultural market.

China

As the world’s most populous country, China has emerged as a key player in agriculture.

With over 1.3 billion people to feed, China has prioritized food security, developing a highly efficient agricultural system. Rich soil and a conducive climate contribute to China’s highly productive farmland.

Investments in agricultural research and technology have propelled China to the position of the world’s largest food producer.

While rice remains a staple, China diversified its crops, including wheat, maize, soybeans, and potatoes. Farmers, equipped with high-tech tools, work over 60 hours a week to meet the increasing food demand.

Despite challenges, China’s efficient agricultural system sustains its large population and even allows for food exports, solidifying its position as a leading agricultural power.

India

With a rich cultural heritage, India stands as one of the world’s oldest civilizations and a significant agricultural producer. Ranking second globally in food production, India leads in rice, wheat, sugarcane, pulses, and spices.

Despite challenges like small landholdings, water scarcity, and poor infrastructure, the Indian agricultural sector, employing over half the workforce, has been growing steadily.

Government measures, including increased investment in research and development, insurance and credit support, and improved irrigation, aim to further boost the sector.

With the right policies, India holds the potential to become a leading global agricultural force.

Brazil

As South America’s largest country, Brazil covers a vast area and hosts a population exceeding 200 million. A major producer and exporter, Brazil leads in coffee, soybeans, cocoa, wheat, corn, sugarcane, and rice.

Additionally, it holds the title of the world’s largest producer of sugarcane and coffee and the second-largest producer of soybeans.

With a diverse economy and stunning natural scenery, Brazil’s agricultural prowess contributes significantly to its position as the ninth-largest economy globally.

Russia

While not immediately associated with top agricultural countries, Russia ranks sixth globally in agricultural land. Nearly 10% of the world’s total agricultural land, around 143 million hectares, belongs to Russia.

As the third-largest wheat producer globally, Russia cultivates various crops, including barley, corn, potato, sugar beet, and sunflower.

A diverse climate, spanning subarctic to temperate, allows for extensive agriculture, covering almost 40% of the country’s land and employing over 12% of the workforce.

Despite economic challenges, including Western sanctions and currency volatility, Russia remains a significant player in global agriculture.

Japan

Japan, traditionally known for its rice farmers, has transformed its agricultural landscape with mechanization and technology. Highly export-oriented, Japan is a major supplier of agricultural products worldwide, particularly renowned for its fish and seafood exports.

Japanese farms produce an array of crops, from wheat and maize to soybeans and vegetables, with fruits like apples, pears, and grapes contributing significantly.

Supported by government subsidies and initiatives, Japanese agriculture remains robust, contributing substantially to the nation’s economy.

Mexico

Mexico is a significant player in the agricultural landscape, known for its diverse range of crops and livestock.

With a varied climate and fertile soils, the country excels in the production of key agricultural products. Corn, beans, tomatoes, avocados, and citrus fruits are among Mexico’s major crops.

The country is also recognized for its vibrant livestock sector, including cattle and poultry.

Agriculture in Mexico is a crucial component of its economy, providing employment for a substantial portion of the population.

Spain

Spain stands out as a top agricultural country with a diverse agricultural sector. The country’s Mediterranean climate is conducive to the cultivation of various crops, including olives, citrus fruits, vegetables, and grains.

Spain is a global leader in olive oil production, and its vineyards contribute to a thriving wine industry. Livestock farming, particularly cattle and sheep, is also significant.

The agricultural traditions and innovations in Spain have positioned it as a key player in European agriculture.

Turkey

Turkey boasts a rich agricultural heritage, with its fertile lands supporting a wide array of crops. Grains like wheat and barley, along with fruits such as cherries, apricots, and figs, are staples of Turkish agriculture.

The country is also a major producer of pulses and nuts. In addition to crop cultivation, Turkey has a well-developed livestock sector, including cattle, sheep, and poultry.

Agriculture is a vital component of Turkey’s economy, providing employment and contributing to its domestic and international food supply.

Iran

Iran, with its diverse geography, has a thriving agricultural sector that plays a crucial role in the country’s economy.

Wheat, barley, rice, and a variety of fruits, including grapes and pomegranates, are its key agricultural products.

Iran’s historical expertise in agriculture, coupled with modern innovations, sustains its position as a significant food producer. Livestock farming, with a focus on sheep and cattle, also contributes to Iran’s agricultural richness.

Despite challenges such as water scarcity, Iran continues to be a notable player in the global agricultural arena.