How Many Countries Are in Europe?

There are 44 countries in Europe according to the United Nations.

But why do some sources list 46 or 51 countries?

44, 46, or 51? Which Number Is Correct?

The numbers differ because sources use different criteria to count countries.

• 44 countries: Based on the UN’s geographic classification.
• 46 countries: The number of member states in the Council of Europe.
• 51 countries: Some broader lists include additional countries, such as Kosovo and countries located between Europe and Asia.

Below is a list of 51 countries and 44 countries grouped by subregion in Europe, including Northern Europe, Western Europe, Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, and additional countries.

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Complete List of European Countries

Explore European countries and their national flags, capitals, regions, total areas, 2026 population estimates, languages, currencies, calling codes, and ISO codes. Search for a country or use the filters to explore the list.

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All Countries (51) UN Geographic Europe (44) Northern Europe (10) Western Europe (9) Southern Europe (15) Eastern Europe (10) Additional Countries (7)

Showing 51 countries

No.	Flag	Country	Capital	Region	Total Area (km²)	Population (2026 est.)	Language	Currency	Calling Code	ISO Code
1		Albania	Tirana	Southern Europe	28,748	2.8 million	Albanian	Albanian lek (ALL)	+355	AL
2		Andorra	Andorra la Vella	Southern Europe	468	83,922	Catalan	Euro (EUR)	+376	AD
3		Austria	Vienna	Western Europe	83,879	9.2 million	German	Euro (EUR)	+43	AT
4		Belarus	Minsk	Eastern Europe	207,600	9.0 million	Belarusian, Russian	Belarusian ruble (BYN)	+375	BY
5		Belgium	Brussels	Western Europe	30,689	11.8 million	Dutch, French, German	Euro (EUR)	+32	BE
6		Bosnia and Herzegovina	Sarajevo	Southern Europe	51,209	3.2 million	Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian	Convertible mark (BAM)	+387	BA
7		Bulgaria	Sofia	Eastern Europe	110,489	6.7 million	Bulgarian	Euro (EUR)	+359	BG
8		Croatia	Zagreb	Southern Europe	56,594	3.8 million	Croatian	Euro (EUR)	+385	HR
9		Czechia	Prague	Eastern Europe	78,871	10.9 million	Czech	Czech koruna (CZK)	+420	CZ
10		Denmark	Copenhagen	Northern Europe	43,094	6.0 million	Danish	Danish krone (DKK)	+45	DK
11		Estonia	Tallinn	Northern Europe	45,339	1.4 million	Estonian	Euro (EUR)	+372	EE
12		Finland	Helsinki	Northern Europe	338,455	5.6 million	Finnish, Swedish	Euro (EUR)	+358	FI
13		France	Paris	Western Europe	551,695	69.1 million	French	Euro (EUR)	+33	FR
14		Germany	Berlin	Western Europe	357,022	84.1 million	German	Euro (EUR)	+49	DE
15		Greece	Athens	Southern Europe	131,957	9.9 million	Greek	Euro (EUR)	+30	GR
16		Hungary	Budapest	Eastern Europe	93,030	9.6 million	Hungarian	Forint (HUF)	+36	HU
17		Iceland	Reykjavík	Northern Europe	103,125	404,455	Icelandic	Icelandic króna (ISK)	+354	IS
18		Ireland	Dublin	Northern Europe	84,421	5.5 million	Irish, English	Euro (EUR)	+353	IE
19		Italy	Rome	Southern Europe	301,340	58.9 million	Italian	Euro (EUR)	+39	IT
20		Latvia	Riga	Northern Europe	64,589	1.9 million	Latvian	Euro (EUR)	+371	LV
21		Liechtenstein	Vaduz	Western Europe	160.5	41,237	German	Swiss franc (CHF)	+423	LI
22		Lithuania	Vilnius	Northern Europe	65,300	2.9 million	Lithuanian	Euro (EUR)	+370	LT
23		Luxembourg	Luxembourg City	Western Europe	2,586	696,268	Luxembourgish, French, German	Euro (EUR)	+352	LU
24		Malta	Valletta	Southern Europe	316	588,254	Maltese, English	Euro (EUR)	+356	MT
25		Moldova	Chișinău	Eastern Europe	33,843	2.9 million	Romanian	Moldovan leu (MDL)	+373	MD
26		Monaco	Monaco	Western Europe	2.08	39,000	French	Euro (EUR)	+377	MC
27		Montenegro	Podgorica	Southern Europe	13,812	633,158	Montenegrin	Euro (EUR)	+382	ME
28		Netherlands	Amsterdam	Western Europe	41,543	18.4 million	Dutch	Euro (EUR)	+31	NL
29		North Macedonia	Skopje	Southern Europe	25,713	1.8 million	Macedonian, Albanian	Macedonian denar (MKD)	+389	MK
30		Norway	Oslo	Northern Europe	385,207	5.6 million	Norwegian	Norwegian krone (NOK)	+47	NO
31		Poland	Warsaw	Eastern Europe	312,696	37.8 million	Polish	Polish złoty (PLN)	+48	PL
32		Portugal	Lisbon	Southern Europe	92,215	10.4 million	Portuguese	Euro (EUR)	+351	PT
33		Romania	Bucharest	Eastern Europe	238,397	19.0 million	Romanian	Romanian leu (RON)	+40	RO
34		Russia	Moscow	Eastern Europe	17,098,246	143.4 million	Russian	Russian ruble (RUB)	+7	RU
35		San Marino	San Marino	Southern Europe	61	33,561	Italian	Euro (EUR)	+378	SM
36		Serbia	Belgrade	Southern Europe	77,474	6.6 million	Serbian	Serbian dinar (RSD)	+381	RS
37		Slovakia	Bratislava	Eastern Europe	49,035	5.4 million	Slovak	Euro (EUR)	+421	SK
38		Slovenia	Ljubljana	Southern Europe	20,273	2.11 million	Slovenian	Euro (EUR)	+386	SI
39		Spain	Madrid	Southern Europe	505,992	49.6 million	Spanish	Euro (EUR)	+34	ES
40		Sweden	Stockholm	Northern Europe	450,295	10.7 million	Swedish	Swedish krona (SEK)	+46	SE
41		Switzerland	Bern	Western Europe	41,285	9.24 million	German, French, Italian, Romansh	Swiss franc (CHF)	+41	CH
42		Ukraine	Kyiv	Eastern Europe	603,549	39.5 million	Ukrainian	Hryvnia (UAH)	+380	UA
43		United Kingdom	London	Northern Europe	244,376	69.9 million	English	Pound sterling (GBP)	+44	GB
44		Armenia	Yerevan	Additional: Caucasus / West Asia	29,743	3.0 million	Armenian	Armenian dram (AMD)	+374	AM
45		Azerbaijan	Baku	Additional: Caucasus / West Asia	86,600	10.47 million	Azerbaijani	Azerbaijani manat (AZN)	+994	AZ
46		Cyprus	Nicosia	Additional: Eastern Mediterranean	9,251	1.4 million	Greek, Turkish	Euro (EUR)	+357	CY
47		Georgia	Tbilisi	Additional: Caucasus / West Asia	69,700	3.8 million	Georgian	Georgian lari (GEL)	+995	GE
48		Kazakhstan	Astana	Additional: Transcontinental	2,724,910	21.1 million	Kazakh, Russian	Kazakhstani tenge (KZT)	+7	KZ
49		Türkiye (Turkey)	Ankara	Additional: Transcontinental	783,562	87.9 million	Turkish	Turkish lira (TRY)	+90	TR
50		Vatican City	Vatican City	Southern Europe	0.49	882	Italian, Latin	Euro (EUR)	+379	VA
51		Kosovo	Pristina	Additional: Balkans (partially recognized)	10,887	1.6 million	Albanian, Serbian	Euro (EUR)	+383	XK

Note: This directory contains 51 entries using a broad list: 44 countries in the UN M49 geographic Europe list, plus Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Türkiye, and Kosovo. Use the “UN Geographic Europe (44)” filter to view the 44 countries grouped as Northern Europe (10), Western Europe (9), Southern Europe (15), and Eastern Europe (10), or “All Countries (51)” to view all entries. The seven additional entries are included for broader regional coverage; they are not all classified as geographically European by the UN M49 scheme. Kosovo is partially recognized internationally. Population figures are approximate 2026 estimates and may vary by source.

Russia is Europe’s largest country by total area, although it spans both Europe and Asia. Vatican City is Europe’s smallest independent country, covering only 0.49 square kilometres.

Several countries, including Russia, Türkiye (Turkey), and Kazakhstan, have territory in both Europe and Asia. The classification of some countries in the Caucasus region also depends on the geographical boundaries used.

The European Union (EU) has 27 member countries. However, not all European countries belong to the EU because Europe and the EU have different memberships.

Many European countries use the euro, while others have their own national currencies. Therefore, the currency needed when travelling in Europe depends on the country visited.

See also: World Clock by Country, Current Time, and Time Converter to check local times around the world.